Comparative Study of Andean Languages

Fieldwork Locations

 

 

The first table below gives a summary presentation of the Andean language varieties for which data are already collected to be covered in this study.

    The first column indicates whether the source for my data was my own fieldwork (fwk, in 19 cases), and/or from dictionaries (dct, in three cases).

    The fieldwork locations are arranged geographically north to south. 

    Varieties in black are from the Quechua language family, those in brown are from the Aymara family (also known as Jaqi or Aru), while Chipaya (a separate family) is in green.

For an explanation of the reasons for this particular selection of sites, click here. 

 

Source

My Variety Name

Language Branch

Altitude

Latitude

Longitude

Country

Departamento

Provincia

Distrito

Parroquia / Comunidad Campesina

Comunidad

FW

Troje

NQ: Ecuador Andes

3189 m

01° 50.143' S

78° 43.583' W

Ecuador

‑‑

Chimborazo

(cantón) Colta

Columbe

El Troje (‘Troje Grande’)

FW

Serena

NQ: Ecuador Amazon

563 m

01° 05.576' S

77° 55.756' W

Ecuador

‑‑

Napo

Tena?

Talag?

Serena

FW

Inkawasi

NPQ: Inkawasi-Cañaris

3030 m

06° 14.144' S

79° 19.008' W

Peru

Lambayeque

Ferreñafe

Inkawasi

 

 

FW

Cañaris

NPQ: Inkawasi-Cañaris

1300 m

06° 01' S

79° 12' W

Peru

Lambayeque

Ferreñafe

Cañaris

 

(caserío) Chilasque

FW

Chetilla

NPQ: Cajamarca

2811 m

07° 08.815' S

78° 40.364' W

Peru

Cajamarca

 

Chetilla

 

 

FW

Yánac

CQ: Corongo

2867 m

08° 37.125' S

77° 51.867' W

Peru

Ancash

Corongo

Yánac

 

 

FW

Chacpar

CQ: Huari

3638 m

09° 34.597' S

77° 12.849' W

Peru

Ancash

Huari

Chavín de Huantar

Huancapampa

Chacpar

FW

Laraos

IQ: Laraos

3513 m

12° 20.830' S

75° 47.173' W

Peru

Lima

Yauyos

Laraos

 

Laraos

FW

Atalla

SQ: Huancavelica

4092 m

12° 45.629' S

74° 54.230' W

Peru

Huancavelica

Huancavelica

Yauli

 

Atalla, anexo  Tunsukuchu

FW

Kawki

CA: Kawki

1283 m

12° 46.797' S

75° 55.106' W

Peru

Lima

Yauyos

 

 

Cachuy  & Canchán

FW

Jaqaru

CA: Jaqaru

3150 m

12° 50' S

75° 45' W

Peru

Lima

Yauyos

Tupe

 

Tupe & Aisa

FW

Curva

SQ: N.Bolivia

3753 m

15° 07.804' S

68° 59.992' W

Peru

La Paz

Bautista Saavedra

municipio: Curva

sección segunda

Tilinwaya ('Lagunillas')

FW

Taquile

SQ: Titicaca

3900 m

15° 50' S

69° 43' W

Peru

Puno

Puno

Amantaní

 

Isla Taquile

FW

Huancané

AA: Peru W.Titicaca

3820 m

15° 15' S

69° 43' W

Peru

Puno

Huancané

Vilque Chico

Kulachata

 

FW

Puno (city)

SQ: Puno

3820 m

15° 55' S

70° 03' W

Peru

Puno

Puno

ciudad de Puno

 

barrio Ricardo Palma

FW

Sullkatiti Titiri

AA: N.La Paz

3850 m

16° 40' S

68° 40' W

Bolivia

 

Ingavi

region: Jesus de Machaca

 

Sullkatiti Titiri

FW

Inkallajta

SQ: S.Bolivia

3000 m

17° 35' S

65° 30' W

Bolivia

Cochabamba

Carrasco

municipio: Pocona

sección tercera

 

FW

Puqui

AA: S.Oruro

3850 m

19° 30' S

67° 50' W

Bolivia

 

Ladislao Cabrera

 

nr Tambo Tambillo

Puqui

FW

Maragua

SQ: S.Bolivia

2700 m

19° 05' S

65° 50' W

Bolivia

Chuquisaca

Oropesa

cantón: Maragua

sección octava

 

*DCT

Huánuco

CQ:  Upper Huallaga

? m

? S

? W

Peru

 

 

 

 

 

FW /
*DCT

Cuzco (city)

SQ:  Cuzco

3400 m

? S

? W

Peru

Cuzco

Cuzco

 

 

 

*DCT

Chipaya

Uru-Chipaya

3850 m

19° 05' S

68° 02' W

Bolivia

Oruro

 

 

 

Santa Ana de Chipaya

 

 

Data from Written Sources, Not Fieldwork

For two varieties, Chipaya and Huánuco Quechua, the data were not collected by me in fieldwork, but taken from written sources.  For full bibliographical details and my mini-reviews of the dictionaries cited here, click on the links.  Any errors in interpretation of those sources are of course mine.

    The Chipaya data were collected by Rodolfo Cerrón-Palomino and Enrique Ballón, to whom many thanks for making them available to me before their forthcoming publication.

    The Huánuco Quechua data were drawn from Weber et al. (1998) Rimaycuna – Quechua de Huánuco, which is in many ways one of the most professionally produced dictionaries available for any Quechua dialect (though unhelpfully in my view, it adopts a curious and very non-standard orthography.  For full details click here).

 

In the case of Cuzco Quechua, the data were taken my own knowledge and work over a long period with local informants, as well as from a number of dictionary sources, particularly:

    Cusihuamán (2001) Diccionario Quechua: Cuzco-Collao,

    Cerrón-Palomino (1994) Quechua sureño: diccionario unificado
(this is not specifically Cuzco Quechua, but does give Cuzco variants and is valuable for comparative  and reconstruction data)

    Cuzco Quechua Academy’s (1995)  Diccionario Quechua-Español-Quechua / Qheswa-Español-Qheswa Simi Taqe

 

The reconstructions of proto-forms that I follow for Quechua and Aymara words, which will also be made available on this website with the full data, are not my own but generally taken from those provided in Cerrón-Palomino (1994) Quechua sureño: diccionario unificado
Weber et al. (1998), Rimaycuna – Quechua de Huánuco and Cerrón‑Palomino (2000) Lingüística Aimara

 

Further Varieties to be included in the study as soon as possible

Unfortunately I have not been able to complete the full coverage I intended due to the practicalities of reaching all of these fieldwork locations within the time constraints for this research project, and in some cases difficulty in locating suitable informants (in the case of very endangered varieties like Pacaraos Quechua).  The most serious gaps in the are, in my opinion:

    a denser coverage of Central Quechua as a whole, in particular Junín and Huancayo Quechua

    more ‘Intermediate’ Quechua locations (such as Lincha and others in the Yauyos area, Yaru, and Pacaraos (see below))

    Lamas Quechua (in the Peruvian Amazon)

    Ayacucho Quechua (though this appears pretty similar to the Huancavelica data that are included)

    a much broader and denser coverage of Aymara varieties.

 

All these lacunae are ones I hope to be able to fill if I can obtain funding for a further period of research and fieldwork.

Partial data only have already been collected for the following two varieties, so these will therefore unfortunately not be included in the first set of results published.  However, I aim to return to these fieldwork sites as soon as possible to complete collection of the data and include them.

FW

Quivilla

CQ: Alto Huallaga

2930 m

09° 36' S

76° 44' W

Peru

Huánuco

Dos de Mayo

Quivilla

 

Quivilla

FW

Pacaraos

IQ: Pacaraos

2800 m

11° 15' S

77° 15' W

Peru

Lima

Huaral

Pacaraos

 

 

 

 

‘Classification’ of the Varieties Used Here

The very brief descriptions of ‘language branch’ in the second column are merely my own shorthand, following essentially geographical criteria, and to some extent the existing widely used (if not necessary universally accepted) classifications.  They do not imply any particular judgement on the actual classification of varieties;  my position on that will be explained rather on the basis of the full results and their interpretation in my articles.

My abbreviations in the tables on this page mean: 

NQ      Northern Quechua
NPQ    North Peruvian Quechua
CQ      Central (Peruvian) Quechua
IQ        Intermediate Quechua (classification relative to Northern and Southern Quechua unclear)
SQ       Southern Quechua

CA       Central Aymara (i.e. Jaqaru and Kawki)
AA       Altiplano Aymara (i.e. ‘Aymara proper’ of Bolivia and the far south of Peru)

 

Further Data to Appear On This Website

By January 2005, to coincide with the publication of the first of a number of articles based on results from these data, this website will include many further details:

    My full lexical data on cognate or borrowing matches for all 150 meanings in the currently completed database (and a number of associated sub-meanings and related meanings)

    A full presentation of each of my fieldwork locations and informants, including exact geographical co‑ordinates, instructions on how to get there, and photographs of each area and of my informants (where they consented). 

    Phonetic data and transcriptions will be published later, to coincide with the publication of a second major article giving the results derived from those phonetic comparisons.

 

Pending the full data, for now there are already separate webpages on this site that give sample presentations of three of my fieldwork locations, those whose names in the table above are clickable links. 

 


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