A
Comparative Study of Andean Languages
A 150 Meaning List
Adapted to be Culturally and Linguistically Meaningful for the Andean
Languages
English |
Spanish |
In Swadesh |
Stability |
|
100 |
200 |
|||
ashes |
ceniza |
x |
x |
Int. |
back |
espalda |
|
x |
Low |
be sick |
estar enfermo |
|
|
Low |
belly (stomach) |
barriga |
x |
x |
Int. |
big |
grande |
x |
x |
Int. |
bird |
pájaro |
x |
x |
Low |
bite, to |
morder |
x |
x |
Int. |
black |
negro |
x |
x |
Int. |
blood |
sangre |
x |
x |
Int. |
bone |
hueso |
x |
x |
Int. |
branch |
rama |
|
|
Low |
bread |
pan |
|
|
Low |
breast |
seno |
x |
|
Low |
brother (man's) |
hermano ( |
|
|
High |
brother (woman's) |
hermano (de
la mujer) |
|
|
High |
cloud |
nube |
x |
x |
Int. |
cold |
frío |
x |
x |
Int. |
come, to |
venir |
x |
x |
High |
cry, to |
llorar |
|
|
Int. |
day |
día |
|
x |
High |
die, to |
morir |
x |
x |
Int. |
dog |
perro |
x |
x |
Int. |
drink, to |
tomar, beber |
x |
x |
Int. |
dry |
seco |
x |
x |
Int. |
ear |
oreja |
x |
x |
High |
eat, to |
comer |
x |
x |
High |
egg |
huevo |
x |
x |
High |
eight |
ocho |
|
|
HNml |
elbow |
codo |
|
|
Int. |
empty |
vacío |
|
|
Low |
eye |
ojo |
x |
x |
High |
face |
cara |
|
|
Low |
far (away) |
lejos |
|
x |
Low |
fat (grease) |
grasa |
x |
x |
Int. |
fingernail |
uña |
x |
|
High |
fire |
fuego |
x |
x |
Int. |
five |
cinco |
|
x |
HNml |
flower |
flor |
|
x |
Int. |
fly, to |
volar |
x |
x |
High |
foot |
pie |
x |
x |
High |
forehead |
frente (la) |
|
|
Low |
four |
cuatro |
|
x |
HNml |
fox |
zorro |
|
|
Int. |
full |
lleno |
x |
|
High |
give, to |
dar |
x |
x |
High |
go, to |
ir |
|
|
High |
gold |
oro |
|
|
Int. |
grass |
hierba, pasto |
|
x |
Low |
green |
verde (color) |
x |
x |
High |
hair |
cabello |
x |
x |
Int. |
hand |
mano |
x |
x |
Int. |
happy |
feliz, alegre |
|
|
Int. |
head |
cabeza |
x |
x |
Int. |
hear, to |
oír |
x |
x |
Int. |
heart |
corazón |
x |
x |
High |
heavy |
pesado |
|
x |
Low |
hide, to |
esconder (algo) |
|
|
Int. |
high up |
arriba, en alto |
|
|
High |
hit, to |
golpear |
|
x |
Int. |
horn |
cuerno |
x |
|
Int. |
hot |
caliente |
x |
x |
Low |
husband |
esposo |
|
x |
Int. |
knee |
rodilla |
x |
|
Int. |
know, to |
saber |
x |
x |
Int. |
laugh, to |
reír |
|
x |
Int. |
leaf |
hoja |
x |
x |
Int. |
left (hand side) |
izquierda |
|
x |
Low |
leg |
pierna |
|
x |
Int. |
lick, to |
lamer |
|
|
High |
light (not heavy) |
liviano, ligero |
|
|
Int. |
lip |
labio |
|
|
Low |
live, to |
vivir |
|
x |
High |
louse |
piojo |
x |
x |
Int. |
man, male |
varón, hombre |
x |
x |
Low |
many |
mucho(s) |
x |
x |
Low |
meat |
carne |
x |
x |
Int. |
moon |
luna |
x |
|
Int. |
mountain |
cerro |
x |
x |
Int. |
mouse |
ratón |
|
|
Int. |
mouth |
boca |
x |
x |
Low |
name |
nombre |
x |
x |
High |
navel |
ombligo |
|
|
Int. |
neck |
cuello |
x |
x |
Low |
new |
nuevo |
x |
x |
High |
night |
noche |
x |
x |
High |
nine |
nueve |
|
|
HNml |
nose |
nariz |
x |
x |
High |
not |
no |
x |
x |
High |
old (man) |
viejo (varón) |
|
x |
Int. |
old (woman) |
vieja (mujer) |
|
x |
Int. |
one |
uno |
´ |
x |
High |
person |
persona, ser humano |
x |
x |
Int. |
push, to |
empujar |
|
x |
Low |
rain |
lluvia |
x |
x |
Int. |
red |
rojo |
x |
x |
Low |
right (hand side) |
derecha (mano) |
|
x |
Int. |
river |
río |
|
x |
Low |
road |
camino, carretera |
x |
x |
Int. |
root |
raíz |
x |
x |
High |
rope |
soga, cuerda |
|
x |
Low |
salt |
sal |
|
x |
High |
sand |
arena |
x |
x |
Int. |
see, to |
ver |
x |
x |
Int. |
seed |
semilla |
x |
x |
Int. |
seven |
siete |
|
|
HNml |
sew, to |
coser |
|
x |
High |
shadow |
sombra |
|
|
High |
sister (man's) |
hermana ( |
|
|
Int. |
sister (woman's) |
hermana (de
la mujer) |
|
|
Int. |
sit, to |
estar sentado |
x |
x |
Int. |
six |
seis |
|
|
HNml |
skin |
piel |
x |
x |
Low |
sleep, to |
dormir |
x |
x |
High |
small |
pequeño |
x |
x |
Int. |
smoke |
humo |
x |
x |
Int. |
speak, to |
hablar |
|
|
Int. |
spit, to |
escupir |
|
x |
High |
stand, to |
estar en pie |
x |
x |
High |
star |
estrella |
x |
x |
High |
stone |
piedra |
x |
x |
Low |
suck, to |
chupar, mamar |
|
x |
Int. |
sun |
sol |
x |
x |
High |
sweet |
dulce |
|
|
Int. |
swim, to |
nadar |
x |
x |
Low |
tail |
cola, rabo |
x |
x |
Low |
ten |
diez |
|
|
HNml |
think (over), to |
pensar (cogitar) |
|
x |
Low |
this |
este |
x |
x |
Int. |
thou (you sg.) |
tú |
x |
x |
High |
three |
tres |
|
x |
HNml |
tire |
cansar(se) |
|
|
Int. |
tongue |
lengua |
x |
x |
High |
tooth |
diente |
x |
x |
High |
tree |
árbol |
x |
x |
Int. |
two |
dos |
x |
x |
High |
walk, to |
caminar, andar |
x |
x |
Low |
water |
agua |
x |
x |
High |
we (inclusive) |
nosotros (inclusive) |
x |
x |
High |
what? |
que? |
x |
x |
Int. |
white |
blanco |
x |
x |
Int. |
who? |
quién? |
x |
x |
Int. |
wind |
viento |
|
x |
High |
wing |
ala |
|
x |
Low |
with |
con |
|
x |
Int. |
woman |
mujer |
x |
x |
Int. |
worm |
gusano |
|
x |
High |
year |
año |
|
x |
Low |
yellow |
amarillo |
x |
x |
Int. |
young (female) |
joven (mujer) |
|
|
Int. |
young (male) |
joven (varón) |
|
|
Int. |