A
Comparative Study of Andean Languages
A 150 Meaning List
Adapted to be Culturally and Linguistically Meaningful for the Andean
Languages
|
English |
Spanish |
In Swadesh |
Stability |
|
|
100 |
200 |
|||
|
ashes |
ceniza |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
back |
espalda |
|
x |
Low |
|
be sick |
estar enfermo |
|
|
Low |
|
belly (stomach) |
barriga |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
big |
grande |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
bird |
pájaro |
x |
x |
Low |
|
bite, to |
morder |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
black |
negro |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
blood |
sangre |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
bone |
hueso |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
branch |
rama |
|
|
Low |
|
bread |
pan |
|
|
Low |
|
breast |
seno |
x |
|
Low |
|
brother (man's) |
hermano ( |
|
|
High |
|
brother (woman's) |
hermano (de
la mujer) |
|
|
High |
|
cloud |
nube |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
cold |
frío |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
come, to |
venir |
x |
x |
High |
|
cry, to |
llorar |
|
|
Int. |
|
day |
día |
|
x |
High |
|
die, to |
morir |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
dog |
perro |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
drink, to |
tomar, beber |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
dry |
seco |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
ear |
oreja |
x |
x |
High |
|
eat, to |
comer |
x |
x |
High |
|
egg |
huevo |
x |
x |
High |
|
eight |
ocho |
|
|
HNml |
|
elbow |
codo |
|
|
Int. |
|
empty |
vacío |
|
|
Low |
|
eye |
ojo |
x |
x |
High |
|
face |
cara |
|
|
Low |
|
far (away) |
lejos |
|
x |
Low |
|
fat (grease) |
grasa |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
fingernail |
uña |
x |
|
High |
|
fire |
fuego |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
five |
cinco |
|
x |
HNml |
|
flower |
flor |
|
x |
Int. |
|
fly, to |
volar |
x |
x |
High |
|
foot |
pie |
x |
x |
High |
|
forehead |
frente (la) |
|
|
Low |
|
four |
cuatro |
|
x |
HNml |
|
fox |
zorro |
|
|
Int. |
|
full |
lleno |
x |
|
High |
|
give, to |
dar |
x |
x |
High |
|
go, to |
ir |
|
|
High |
|
gold |
oro |
|
|
Int. |
|
grass |
hierba, pasto |
|
x |
Low |
|
green |
verde (color) |
x |
x |
High |
|
hair |
cabello |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
hand |
mano |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
happy |
feliz, alegre |
|
|
Int. |
|
head |
cabeza |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
hear, to |
oír |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
heart |
corazón |
x |
x |
High |
|
heavy |
pesado |
|
x |
Low |
|
hide, to |
esconder (algo) |
|
|
Int. |
|
high up |
arriba, en alto |
|
|
High |
|
hit, to |
golpear |
|
x |
Int. |
|
horn |
cuerno |
x |
|
Int. |
|
hot |
caliente |
x |
x |
Low |
|
husband |
esposo |
|
x |
Int. |
|
knee |
rodilla |
x |
|
Int. |
|
know, to |
saber |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
laugh, to |
reír |
|
x |
Int. |
|
leaf |
hoja |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
left (hand side) |
izquierda |
|
x |
Low |
|
leg |
pierna |
|
x |
Int. |
|
lick, to |
lamer |
|
|
High |
|
light (not heavy) |
liviano, ligero |
|
|
Int. |
|
lip |
labio |
|
|
Low |
|
live, to |
vivir |
|
x |
High |
|
louse |
piojo |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
man, male |
varón, hombre |
x |
x |
Low |
|
many |
mucho(s) |
x |
x |
Low |
|
meat |
carne |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
moon |
luna |
x |
|
Int. |
|
mountain |
cerro |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
mouse |
ratón |
|
|
Int. |
|
mouth |
boca |
x |
x |
Low |
|
name |
nombre |
x |
x |
High |
|
navel |
ombligo |
|
|
Int. |
|
neck |
cuello |
x |
x |
Low |
|
new |
nuevo |
x |
x |
High |
|
night |
noche |
x |
x |
High |
|
nine |
nueve |
|
|
HNml |
|
nose |
nariz |
x |
x |
High |
|
not |
no |
x |
x |
High |
|
old (man) |
viejo (varón) |
|
x |
Int. |
|
old (woman) |
vieja (mujer) |
|
x |
Int. |
|
one |
uno |
´ |
x |
High |
|
person |
persona, ser humano |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
push, to |
empujar |
|
x |
Low |
|
rain |
lluvia |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
red |
rojo |
x |
x |
Low |
|
right (hand side) |
derecha (mano) |
|
x |
Int. |
|
river |
río |
|
x |
Low |
|
road |
camino, carretera |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
root |
raíz |
x |
x |
High |
|
rope |
soga, cuerda |
|
x |
Low |
|
salt |
sal |
|
x |
High |
|
sand |
arena |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
see, to |
ver |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
seed |
semilla |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
seven |
siete |
|
|
HNml |
|
sew, to |
coser |
|
x |
High |
|
shadow |
sombra |
|
|
High |
|
sister (man's) |
hermana ( |
|
|
Int. |
|
sister (woman's) |
hermana (de
la mujer) |
|
|
Int. |
|
sit, to |
estar sentado |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
six |
seis |
|
|
HNml |
|
skin |
piel |
x |
x |
Low |
|
sleep, to |
dormir |
x |
x |
High |
|
small |
pequeño |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
smoke |
humo |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
speak, to |
hablar |
|
|
Int. |
|
spit, to |
escupir |
|
x |
High |
|
stand, to |
estar en pie |
x |
x |
High |
|
star |
estrella |
x |
x |
High |
|
stone |
piedra |
x |
x |
Low |
|
suck, to |
chupar, mamar |
|
x |
Int. |
|
sun |
sol |
x |
x |
High |
|
sweet |
dulce |
|
|
Int. |
|
swim, to |
nadar |
x |
x |
Low |
|
tail |
cola, rabo |
x |
x |
Low |
|
ten |
diez |
|
|
HNml |
|
think (over), to |
pensar (cogitar) |
|
x |
Low |
|
this |
este |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
thou (you sg.) |
tú |
x |
x |
High |
|
three |
tres |
|
x |
HNml |
|
tire |
cansar(se) |
|
|
Int. |
|
tongue |
lengua |
x |
x |
High |
|
tooth |
diente |
x |
x |
High |
|
tree |
árbol |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
two |
dos |
x |
x |
High |
|
walk, to |
caminar, andar |
x |
x |
Low |
|
water |
agua |
x |
x |
High |
|
we (inclusive) |
nosotros (inclusive) |
x |
x |
High |
|
what? |
que? |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
white |
blanco |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
who? |
quién? |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
wind |
viento |
|
x |
High |
|
wing |
ala |
|
x |
Low |
|
with |
con |
|
x |
Int. |
|
woman |
mujer |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
worm |
gusano |
|
x |
High |
|
year |
año |
|
x |
Low |
|
yellow |
amarillo |
x |
x |
Int. |
|
young (female) |
joven (mujer) |
|
|
Int. |
|
young (male) |
joven (varón) |
|
|
Int. |