A Comparative Study of Andean Languages

A 150 Meaning List

Adapted to be Culturally and Linguistically Meaningful for the Andean Languages


 English

 Spanish

In Swadesh

Stability

100

200

ashes

ceniza

x

x

Int.

back

espalda

 

x

Low

be sick

estar enfermo

 

 

Low

belly (stomach)

barriga

x

x

Int.

big

grande

x

x

Int.

bird

pájaro

x

x

Low

bite, to

morder

x

x

Int.

black

negro

x

x

Int.

blood

sangre

x

x

Int.

bone

hueso

x

x

Int.

branch

rama

 

 

Low

bread

pan

 

 

Low

breast

seno

x

 

Low

brother (man's)

hermano (del varón)

 

 

High

brother (woman's)

hermano (de la mujer)

 

 

High

cloud

nube

x

x

Int.

cold

frío

x

x

Int.

come, to

venir

x

x

High

cry, to

llorar

 

 

Int.

day

día

 

x

High

die, to

morir

x

x

Int.

dog

perro

x

x

Int.

drink, to

tomar, beber

x

x

Int.

dry

seco

x

x

Int.

ear

oreja

x

x

High

eat, to

comer

x

x

High

egg

huevo

x

x

High

eight

ocho

 

 

HNml

elbow

codo

 

 

Int.

empty

vacío

 

 

Low

eye

ojo

x

x

High

face

cara

 

 

Low

far (away)

lejos

 

x

Low

fat (grease)

grasa

x

x

Int.

fingernail

uña

x

 

High

fire

fuego

x

x

Int.

five

cinco

 

x

HNml

flower

flor

 

x

Int.

fly, to

volar

x

x

High

foot

pie

x

x

High

forehead

frente (la)

 

 

Low

four

cuatro

 

x

HNml

fox

zorro

 

 

Int.

full

lleno

x

 

High

give, to

dar

x

x

High

go, to

ir

 

 

High

gold

oro

 

 

Int.

grass

hierba, pasto

 

x

Low

green

verde (color)

x

x

High

hair

cabello

x

x

Int.

hand

mano

x

x

Int.

happy

feliz, alegre

 

 

Int.

head

cabeza

x

x

Int.

hear, to

oír

x

x

Int.

heart

corazón

x

x

High

heavy

pesado

 

x

Low

hide, to

esconder (algo)

 

 

Int.

high up

arriba, en alto

 

 

High

hit, to

golpear

 

x

Int.

horn

cuerno

x

 

Int.

hot

caliente

x

x

Low

husband

esposo

 

x

Int.

knee

rodilla

x

 

Int.

know, to

saber

x

x

Int.

laugh, to

reír

 

x

Int.

leaf

hoja

x

x

Int.

left (hand side)

izquierda

 

x

Low

leg

pierna

 

x

Int.

lick, to

lamer

 

 

High

light (not heavy)

liviano, ligero

 

 

Int.

lip

labio

 

 

Low

live, to

vivir

 

x

High

louse

piojo

x

x

Int.

man, male

varón, hombre

x

x

Low

many

mucho(s)

x

x

Low

meat

carne

x

x

Int.

moon

luna

x

 

Int.

mountain

cerro

x

x

Int.

mouse

ratón

 

 

Int.

mouth

boca

x

x

Low

name

nombre

x

x

High

navel

ombligo

 

 

Int.

neck

cuello

x

x

Low

new

nuevo

x

x

High

night

noche

x

x

High

nine

nueve

 

 

HNml

nose

nariz

x

x

High

not

no

x

x

High

old (man)

viejo (varón)

 

x

Int.

old (woman)

vieja (mujer)

 

x

Int.

one

uno

´

x

High

person

persona, ser humano

x

x

Int.

push, to

empujar

 

x

Low

rain

lluvia

x

x

Int.

red

rojo

x

x

Low

right (hand side)

derecha (mano)

 

x

Int.

river

río

 

x

Low

road

camino, carretera

x

x

Int.

root

raíz

x

x

High

rope

soga, cuerda

 

x

Low

salt

sal

 

x

High

sand

arena

x

x

Int.

see, to

ver

x

x

Int.

seed

semilla

x

x

Int.

seven

siete

 

 

HNml

sew, to

coser

 

x

High

shadow

sombra

 

 

High

sister (man's)

hermana (del varón)

 

 

Int.

sister (woman's)

hermana (de la mujer)

 

 

Int.

sit, to

estar sentado

x

x

Int.

six

seis

 

 

HNml

skin

piel

x

x

Low

sleep, to

dormir

x

x

High

small

pequeño

x

x

Int.

smoke

humo

x

x

Int.

speak, to

hablar

 

 

Int.

spit, to

escupir

 

x

High

stand, to

estar en pie

x

x

High

star

estrella

x

x

High

stone

piedra

x

x

Low

suck, to

chupar, mamar

 

x

Int.

sun

sol

x

x

High

sweet

dulce

 

 

Int.

swim, to

nadar

x

x

Low

tail

cola, rabo

x

x

Low

ten

diez

 

 

HNml

think (over), to

pensar (cogitar)

 

x

Low

this

este

x

x

Int.

thou (you sg.)

x

x

High

three

tres

 

x

HNml

tire

cansar(se)

 

 

Int.

tongue

lengua

x

x

High

tooth

diente

x

x

High

tree

árbol

x

x

Int.

two

dos

x

x

High

walk, to

caminar, andar

x

x

Low

water

agua

x

x

High

we (inclusive)

nosotros (inclusive)

x

x

High

what?

que?

x

x

Int.

white

blanco

x

x

Int.

who?

quién?

x

x

Int.

wind

viento

 

x

High

wing

ala

 

x

Low

with

con

 

x

Int.

woman

mujer

x

x

Int.

worm

gusano

 

x

High

year

año

 

x

Low

yellow

amarillo

x

x

Int.

young (female)

joven (mujer)

 

 

Int.

young (male)

joven (varón)

 

 

Int.



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